Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis

doi: 10.1155/2019/3276156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensitivity of S. aureus to G. chinensis extract. (a) Morphology of dried Galla chinensis ; (b) morphology of G. chinensis extract solutions; (c) the inhibition zone (the upper lane) and the minimum inhibitory concentration values (the lower lane) of G. chinensis extract solution for S. aureus ; (d) crystal violet stain for methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells treated with different concentrations of G. chinensis extract for biomass comparison ( ∗ p<0.05, n=10); (e) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the biofilm architecture of MRSA strain, MRSA treated with G. chinensis (1/2 MIC), and S. aureus ATCC with G. chinensis (1/2 MIC), respectively, at 24 h of growth. The MRSA biofilm treated with G. chinensis (1/2 MIC) presented a reduction in the extracellular matrices and only small microcolonies existing compared with untreated MRSA strains.

Article Snippet: The proportion of viable methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells in the G. chinensis extract-treated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (33.6 ± 5.2%) was lower than the MRSA strains without intervention (60.89 ± 5.0%) (P<0.05, n=10, ), which was similar to the ATCC 29213 strain treated by G. chinensis extract (28.8 ± 4.8%).

Techniques: Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Staining, Comparison, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis

doi: 10.1155/2019/3276156

Figure Lengend Snippet: G. chinensis extract suppressed biofilm formation and extracellular matrix of S. aureus . (a) Double labeling of S. aureus biofilm. Green, viable S. aureus bacteria (SYTO 9); red, dead S. aureus bacteria (PI); scale bars, 100 μ m; (b) double labeling of S. aureus biofilm formation on bone specimens. Green, total S. aureus bacteria (SYTO 9); red EPS (Alexa Fluor 647); scale bars, 100 μ m; (c) percentage (%) of viable S. aureus cells in biofilm (n=10, ∗P <0.05); (d) volumetric ratio of the EPS matrix to the bacterial biomass in the biofilms of S. aureus strains ( ∗P <0.05, n=10).

Article Snippet: The proportion of viable methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells in the G. chinensis extract-treated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (33.6 ± 5.2%) was lower than the MRSA strains without intervention (60.89 ± 5.0%) (P<0.05, n=10, ), which was similar to the ATCC 29213 strain treated by G. chinensis extract (28.8 ± 4.8%).

Techniques: Labeling, Bacteria

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis

doi: 10.1155/2019/3276156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptome analysis revealed that G. chinensis modulates carbohydrate metabolism. (a) Gene ontology terms annotation statistics; (b) Gene ontology enrichment analysis string diagrams; the majority of differentially regulated genes were related to carbohydrate metabolic processes, shown in red; (c) significant terms in Gene ontology enrichment analysis ( ∗ FDR<0.05); (d) quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation for the expression changes of selected genes ( ∗P <0.05, n=10).

Article Snippet: The proportion of viable methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells in the G. chinensis extract-treated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (33.6 ± 5.2%) was lower than the MRSA strains without intervention (60.89 ± 5.0%) (P<0.05, n=10, ), which was similar to the ATCC 29213 strain treated by G. chinensis extract (28.8 ± 4.8%).

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis

doi: 10.1155/2019/3276156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition effect of G. chinensis on pathogenicity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in vivo. (a) Micro-CT assessments and 3D images of rat tibias infected by methicillin-resistant S. aureus ; the osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and the infected regions are indicated (red circle); (b) the average BV/TV values in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and G. chinensis extract-treated groups ( ∗ P<0.05, n=10); (c) the average cortical bone thickness (Ct. Th) in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and G. chinensis extract-treated groups ( ∗ P<0.05, n=10).

Article Snippet: The proportion of viable methicillin-resistant S. aureus cells in the G. chinensis extract-treated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (33.6 ± 5.2%) was lower than the MRSA strains without intervention (60.89 ± 5.0%) (P<0.05, n=10, ), which was similar to the ATCC 29213 strain treated by G. chinensis extract (28.8 ± 4.8%).

Techniques: Inhibition, In Vivo, Micro-CT, Infection